Major power breakdowns as a disaster:
CASE STUDY: India is the world's third largest producer and consumer of electricity after U.S. and China. Indian electrical infrastructure is considered unreliable. Almost 27% of energy generated is lost in transmission or stolen. India suffers from power outages for as long as 10 hours. On 30th july 2012, the
400 KV Bina-Gwalior line tripped and power failure cascaded through the grid, causing an estimated
32 GW power shortage. Officials described it as "the worst power failure in a decade".
It was speculated that some states attempted to draw more power than permitted due to high consumption. However, electrical services were restored in "record time".
On 31st july 2012, the system failed again due to a "relay problem" near Taj Mahal.
22 out of 28 states in India were without power.
The impacts due to such power breakdowns are listed below:
- Approximately 25% of Indian population was without power.
- Railways and some airports were shutdown
- Traffic signals were non-operational
- Trains were stalled for three to four hours
- Hospitals reported interruption in health services
- Water treatment plants were shut down for several hours
- Millions were unable to draw water from wells powered by electric pumps
- Almost 200 miners were trapped underground in eastern India in eastern India due to lifts failing.
Traffic accidents as a disaster:
A traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident,
car accident, automobile accident, road traffic collision, road
traffic accident, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle,
pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such
as a tree or utility pole. Traffic collisions may result in injury,
death, vehicle damage, and property damage.
A number of factors contribute to a traffic accident. For example,
vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment,
driver skill and/or impairment, and driver behaviour.
Traffic collisions can be classified by type of collision. For
example, head-on, road departure, rear-end, side collisions, and
rollovers.
The main elements of good driving are:
-controlling a car including a good awareness of the car's size and
capabilities
-reading and reacting to road conditions, weather, road signs and the
environment and
-alertness, reading and anticipating the behavior of other drivers.
In order to minimise accidents, several measures have been taken-up including:
-law enforcement policies (drink-driving laws, setting of speed
limits, and speed enforcement systems such as speed cameras, use of
seat belts)
Impacts due to traffic accidents:
-Loss of life or injury or life-long disability
-Loss of property
-Psychological stress (PTSD)
-Increased insurance costs
-Associated social discrimination
CASE STUDY: India is the world's third largest producer and consumer of electricity after U.S. and China. Indian electrical infrastructure is considered unreliable. Almost 27% of energy generated is lost in transmission or stolen. India suffers from power outages for as long as 10 hours. On 30th july 2012, the
400 KV Bina-Gwalior line tripped and power failure cascaded through the grid, causing an estimated
32 GW power shortage. Officials described it as "the worst power failure in a decade".
It was speculated that some states attempted to draw more power than permitted due to high consumption. However, electrical services were restored in "record time".
On 31st july 2012, the system failed again due to a "relay problem" near Taj Mahal.
22 out of 28 states in India were without power.
The impacts due to such power breakdowns are listed below:
- Approximately 25% of Indian population was without power.
- Railways and some airports were shutdown
- Traffic signals were non-operational
- Trains were stalled for three to four hours
- Hospitals reported interruption in health services
- Water treatment plants were shut down for several hours
- Millions were unable to draw water from wells powered by electric pumps
- Almost 200 miners were trapped underground in eastern India in eastern India due to lifts failing.
Traffic accidents as a disaster:
A traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident,
car accident, automobile accident, road traffic collision, road
traffic accident, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle,
pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such
as a tree or utility pole. Traffic collisions may result in injury,
death, vehicle damage, and property damage.
A number of factors contribute to a traffic accident. For example,
vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment,
driver skill and/or impairment, and driver behaviour.
Traffic collisions can be classified by type of collision. For
example, head-on, road departure, rear-end, side collisions, and
rollovers.
The main elements of good driving are:
-controlling a car including a good awareness of the car's size and
capabilities
-reading and reacting to road conditions, weather, road signs and the
environment and
-alertness, reading and anticipating the behavior of other drivers.
In order to minimise accidents, several measures have been taken-up including:
-law enforcement policies (drink-driving laws, setting of speed
limits, and speed enforcement systems such as speed cameras, use of
seat belts)
Impacts due to traffic accidents:
-Loss of life or injury or life-long disability
-Loss of property
-Psychological stress (PTSD)
-Increased insurance costs
-Associated social discrimination
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